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Human Trafficking Awareness
Human trafficking, as defined by U.S. law, involves using force, fraud, or coercion to compel a person into commercial sex acts or labor against their will. The Action-Means-Purpose (AMP) Model is a useful framework for comprehending this federal law. According to this model, human trafficking occurs when a trafficker takes an Action (such as inducing, recruiting, harboring, transporting, or providing) and uses Means (force, fraud, or coercion) for the Purpose of exploiting the victim through commercial sex acts (sex trafficking) or labor/services (labor trafficking). To identify a potential case of human trafficking, at least one element from each of these categories (Action, Means, and Purpose) must be present.
Familial Trafficking
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Emotional manipulation or guilt
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Exploitation of trust
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Threats of exposure or harm
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Forced into illegal activities, labor, or sexual exploitation
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Withholding basic needs
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Leveraging family obligations or cultural expectations
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Isolation from support networks
Child Trafficking
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Manipulation through false promises
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Threats of harm
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Forced drug or alcohol use
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Physical abuse
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Exploitation through labor or sexual acts
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Denial of education and basic needs
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Isolation from support systems
Sex Trafficking
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Use of violence or threats
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Manipulation and deception
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Forced drug or alcohol use
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Physical abuse and restraint
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Threats of exposure or shame
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Isolation from support
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Control of money and belongings
Domestic Servitude
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Forced labor
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Isolation from contact
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Physical abuse
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Emotional manipulation
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Withholding basic needs
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Restricted freedom of movement
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Confiscation of documents
Labor
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Physical Abuse
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Forced isolation or confinement
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Withholding wages
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No time off or breaks
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Forced substance abuse
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Denial of medical care
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Confiscation of documents
Red Flags
to look out for
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They want to stop participating in selling or trading sex but feel scared or unable to leave
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They disclose that they were reluctant to engage in selling sex but that someone pressured them into it
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They live where they work or are transported by guards between home and workplace
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They are children who live with or are supported by or dependent on a family member with a substance abuse problem or who is abusive in other ways
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They have a pimp or manager in the sex trade
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They work in an industry where it may be common to be pressured into performing sex acts for money, such as a strip club, illicit cantina, go-go bar, or illicit massage business
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They have an older, or simply controlling parent, guardian, romantic partner or “sponsor” who will not allow you to meet or speak with the person alone or monitors their movements, spending and/or communications